Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE, (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980)[2] was an English film director and producer,[3] at times referred to as "The Master of Suspense".[4] He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres. He had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as England's best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939[5] and became a US citizen in 1955.[6]Over a career spanning more than half a century, Hitchcock fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style.[7] His stylistic trademarks include the use of camera movement that mimics a person's gaze,[8] forcing viewers to engage in a form of voyeurism.[9] In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy, and used innovative forms of film editing.[9] His work often features fugitives on the run alongside "icy blonde" female characters.[10][11] Many of Hitchcock's films have twist endings and thrilling plots featuring depictions of murder and other violence. Many of the mysteries, however, are used as decoys or "MacGuffins" that serve the films' themes and the psychological examinations of their characters. Hitchcock's films also borrow many themes from psychoanalysis and sometimes feature strong sexual overtones.
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