Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock,
KBE, (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980)
[2] was an English film director and producer,
[3] at times referred to as "The Master of Suspense".
[4] He pioneered many elements of the
suspense and
psychological thriller genres. He had a successful career in
British cinema with both
silent films and early
talkies and became renowned as England's best director. Hitchcock moved to
Hollywood in 1939
[5] and became a US citizen in 1955.
[6]
Over a career spanning more than half a century, Hitchcock fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style.
[7] His stylistic trademarks include the use of camera movement that mimics a person's gaze,
[8] forcing viewers to engage in a form of
voyeurism.
[9] In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy, and used innovative forms of
film editing.
[9] His work often features
fugitives on the run alongside "icy blonde" female characters.
[10][11] Many of Hitchcock's films have
twist endings and thrilling plots featuring depictions of murder and other violence. Many of the mysteries, however, are used as decoys or "
MacGuffins"
that serve the films' themes and the psychological examinations of
their characters. Hitchcock's films also borrow many themes from
psychoanalysis and sometimes feature strong sexual overtones.